This article is about the country. For other uses, see Pakistan (disambiguation).
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Islamic Republic of Pakistan
اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاكستان (Urdu)
Islāmī Jumhūriyah-yi Pākistān
Flag Emblem
Motto: ایمان، اتحاد، نظم (Urdu)
Īmān, Ittiḥād, Naẓm
"Faith, Unity, Discipline" [1]
Anthem: Qaumī Tarānah
قومی ترانہ
"The National Anthem"[2]
Area controlled by Pakistan shown in dark green; claimed but uncontrolled territory shown in light green.
Area controlled by Pakistan shown in dark green; claimed but uncontrolled territory shown in light green.
Capital Islamabad
33°40′N 73°10′E
Largest city Karachi
Official languages
Englisha Urdu[3]
Regional languages Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, Saraiki, Balochi, Kashmiri, Brahui, Dogri, Hindko, Shina, Balti, Khowar, Burushaski Yidgha, Dameli, Kalasha, Gawar-Bati, Domaaki[4][5]
Demonym Pakistani
Government Federal parliamentary republic
- President Mamnoon Hussain (PML-N)
- Prime Minister Mian Nawaz Sharif (PML-N)
- Chief Justice Tassaduq Hussain Jillani
- Chairman Senate Nayyar Hussain Bukhari (PPP)
- Speaker National Assembly Ayaz Sadiq (PML-N)
Legislature Majlis-e-Shoora
- Upper house Senate
- Lower house National Assembly
Formation
- Conception of Pakistan[6] 29 December 1930
- Pakistan Resolution 23 March 1940
- Independence and Dominion 14 August 1947
- Islamic Republic 23 March 1956
- Breakup of East and West Pakistan 16 December 1971
- Current constitution 14 August 1973
Area
- Total 796,095 km2[a] (36th)
307,374 sq mi
- Water (%) 3.1
Population
- 2014 estimate 186,693,907[8] (6th)
- Density 234.4/km2 (55th)
607.4/sq mi
GDP (PPP) 2013 estimate
- Total $574.068 billion[9] (26th)
- Per capita $3,144[9] (139th)
GDP (nominal) 2013 estimate
- Total $236.518 billion[9] (45th)
- Per capita $1,295[9] (147th)
Gini (2008) 30.0[10]
medium
HDI (2012) Increase 0.515[11]
low · 146th
Currency Pakistani rupee (₨) (PKR)
Time zone PKT (UTC+5)
- Summer (DST) (UTC+6b)
Drives on the left[12]
Calling code +92
ISO 3166 code PK
Internet TLD .pk
a. See also Pakistani English.
b. Not always observed; see Daylight saving time in Pakistan.
Pakistan (Listeni/ˈpækɨstæn/ or Listeni/pɑːkiˈstɑːn/; Urdu: پاكستان ALA-LC: Pākistān IPA: [pɑːkɪst̪ɑːn] ( listen)) officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, (Urdu: اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاكستان ALA-LC: Islāmī Jumhūriyah-yi Pākistān) is a sovereign country in South Asia. With a population exceeding 180 million people, it is the sixth most populous country and with an area covering 796,095 km2 (307,374 sq mi), it is the 36th largest country in the world in terms of area. Pakistan has a 1,046-kilometre (650 mi) coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west and north, Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, and also shares a marine border with Oman.
The territory that now constitutes Pakistan was home to several ancient cultures, including the Mehrgarh of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including Hindus, Indo-Greeks, Muslims, Turco-Mongols, Afghans and Sikhs. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Indian Mauryan Empire, the Persian Achaemenid Empire, Alexander of Macedonia, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate, the Mongol Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Durrani Empire, the Sikh Empire and the British Empire. As a result of the Pakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Subcontinent's struggle for independence, Pakistan was created in 1947 as an independent nation for Muslims from the regions in the east and west of Subcontinent where there was a Muslim majority. Initially a dominion, Pakistan adopted a new constitution in 1956, becoming an Islamic republic. A civil war in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh.
Pakistan is a federal parliamentary republic consisting of four provinces and four federal territories. It is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country, with a similar variation in its geography and wildlife. A regional and middle power,[13][14] Pakistan has the fourth largest standing armed forces in the world and is also a nuclear power as well as a declared nuclear-weapons state, being the only nation in the Muslim world, and the second in South Asia, to have that status. It has a semi-industrialised economy with a well-integrated agriculture sector, its economy is the 26th largest in the world in terms of purchasing power and 45th largest in terms of nominal GDP and is also characterized among the emerging and growth-leading economies of the world.
The post-independence history of Pakistan has been characterised by periods of military rule, political instability and conflicts with neighbouring India. The country continues to face challenging problems, including overpopulation, terrorism, poverty, illiteracy and corruption but regardless of that it ranks among the countries with the most income equality.[15] It ranked 16th on the 2012 Happy Planet Index.[16] It is a member of the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Next Eleven Economies, SAARC, ECO, UfC, D8, Cairns Group, Kyoto Protocol, ICCPR, RCD, UNCHR, Group of Eleven, CPFTA, Group of 24, the G20 developing nations, ECOSOC, founding member of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (now the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation), and CERN.[17] It is also characterized as a Major non-NATO ally by the United States.
Contents
1 Etymology
2 History
2.1 Early and medieval age
2.2 Colonial period
2.3 Independence and modern Pakistan
3 Politics
3.1 Foreign relations of Pakistan
3.2 Administrative divisions
3.3 Military
3.4 Kashmir conflict
3.5 Law enforcement
4 Geography and climate
4.1 Flora and fauna
5 Infrastructure
5.1 Economy
5.2 Nuclear power
5.3 Tourism
5.4 Transport
5.5 Science and technology
5.6 Education
6 Demographics
6.1 Religion
7 Culture and society
7.1 Clothing and fashion
7.2 Media and entertainment
7.3 Urbanisation
7.4 Diaspora
7.5 Literature
7.6 Architecture
7.7 Food and drink
7.8 Sports
8 See also
9 Notes
10 References
11 Further reading
12 External links
Etymology
The name Pakistan literally means "Land of the Pure" in Urdu and Persian. It was coined in 1933 as Pakstan by Choudhry Rahmat Ali, a Pakistan Movement activist, who published it in his pamphlet Now or Never,[18] using it as an acronym ("thirty million Muslim brethren who live in PAKSTAN") referring to the names of the five northern regions of the British Raj: Punjab, North-West Frontier Province (Afghania Province), Kashmir, Sindh, and Baluchistan".[19][20][21] The letter i was incorporated to ease pronunciation and form the linguistically correct and meaningful name.[22]
History
Main articles: History of Pakistan and History of South Asia
Page semi-protected
Islamic Republic of Pakistan
اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاكستان (Urdu)
Islāmī Jumhūriyah-yi Pākistān
Flag Emblem
Motto: ایمان، اتحاد، نظم (Urdu)
Īmān, Ittiḥād, Naẓm
"Faith, Unity, Discipline" [1]
Anthem: Qaumī Tarānah
قومی ترانہ
"The National Anthem"[2]
Area controlled by Pakistan shown in dark green; claimed but uncontrolled territory shown in light green.
Area controlled by Pakistan shown in dark green; claimed but uncontrolled territory shown in light green.
Capital Islamabad
33°40′N 73°10′E
Largest city Karachi
Official languages
Englisha Urdu[3]
Regional languages Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, Saraiki, Balochi, Kashmiri, Brahui, Dogri, Hindko, Shina, Balti, Khowar, Burushaski Yidgha, Dameli, Kalasha, Gawar-Bati, Domaaki[4][5]
Demonym Pakistani
Government Federal parliamentary republic
- President Mamnoon Hussain (PML-N)
- Prime Minister Mian Nawaz Sharif (PML-N)
- Chief Justice Tassaduq Hussain Jillani
- Chairman Senate Nayyar Hussain Bukhari (PPP)
- Speaker National Assembly Ayaz Sadiq (PML-N)
Legislature Majlis-e-Shoora
- Upper house Senate
- Lower house National Assembly
Formation
- Conception of Pakistan[6] 29 December 1930
- Pakistan Resolution 23 March 1940
- Independence and Dominion 14 August 1947
- Islamic Republic 23 March 1956
- Breakup of East and West Pakistan 16 December 1971
- Current constitution 14 August 1973
Area
- Total 796,095 km2[a] (36th)
307,374 sq mi
- Water (%) 3.1
Population
- 2014 estimate 186,693,907[8] (6th)
- Density 234.4/km2 (55th)
607.4/sq mi
GDP (PPP) 2013 estimate
- Total $574.068 billion[9] (26th)
- Per capita $3,144[9] (139th)
GDP (nominal) 2013 estimate
- Total $236.518 billion[9] (45th)
- Per capita $1,295[9] (147th)
Gini (2008) 30.0[10]
medium
HDI (2012) Increase 0.515[11]
low · 146th
Currency Pakistani rupee (₨) (PKR)
Time zone PKT (UTC+5)
- Summer (DST) (UTC+6b)
Drives on the left[12]
Calling code +92
ISO 3166 code PK
Internet TLD .pk
a. See also Pakistani English.
b. Not always observed; see Daylight saving time in Pakistan.
Pakistan (Listeni/ˈpækɨstæn/ or Listeni/pɑːkiˈstɑːn/; Urdu: پاكستان ALA-LC: Pākistān IPA: [pɑːkɪst̪ɑːn] ( listen)) officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, (Urdu: اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاكستان ALA-LC: Islāmī Jumhūriyah-yi Pākistān) is a sovereign country in South Asia. With a population exceeding 180 million people, it is the sixth most populous country and with an area covering 796,095 km2 (307,374 sq mi), it is the 36th largest country in the world in terms of area. Pakistan has a 1,046-kilometre (650 mi) coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west and north, Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, and also shares a marine border with Oman.
The territory that now constitutes Pakistan was home to several ancient cultures, including the Mehrgarh of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including Hindus, Indo-Greeks, Muslims, Turco-Mongols, Afghans and Sikhs. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Indian Mauryan Empire, the Persian Achaemenid Empire, Alexander of Macedonia, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate, the Mongol Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Durrani Empire, the Sikh Empire and the British Empire. As a result of the Pakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Subcontinent's struggle for independence, Pakistan was created in 1947 as an independent nation for Muslims from the regions in the east and west of Subcontinent where there was a Muslim majority. Initially a dominion, Pakistan adopted a new constitution in 1956, becoming an Islamic republic. A civil war in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh.
Pakistan is a federal parliamentary republic consisting of four provinces and four federal territories. It is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country, with a similar variation in its geography and wildlife. A regional and middle power,[13][14] Pakistan has the fourth largest standing armed forces in the world and is also a nuclear power as well as a declared nuclear-weapons state, being the only nation in the Muslim world, and the second in South Asia, to have that status. It has a semi-industrialised economy with a well-integrated agriculture sector, its economy is the 26th largest in the world in terms of purchasing power and 45th largest in terms of nominal GDP and is also characterized among the emerging and growth-leading economies of the world.
The post-independence history of Pakistan has been characterised by periods of military rule, political instability and conflicts with neighbouring India. The country continues to face challenging problems, including overpopulation, terrorism, poverty, illiteracy and corruption but regardless of that it ranks among the countries with the most income equality.[15] It ranked 16th on the 2012 Happy Planet Index.[16] It is a member of the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Next Eleven Economies, SAARC, ECO, UfC, D8, Cairns Group, Kyoto Protocol, ICCPR, RCD, UNCHR, Group of Eleven, CPFTA, Group of 24, the G20 developing nations, ECOSOC, founding member of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (now the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation), and CERN.[17] It is also characterized as a Major non-NATO ally by the United States.
Contents
1 Etymology
2 History
2.1 Early and medieval age
2.2 Colonial period
2.3 Independence and modern Pakistan
3 Politics
3.1 Foreign relations of Pakistan
3.2 Administrative divisions
3.3 Military
3.4 Kashmir conflict
3.5 Law enforcement
4 Geography and climate
4.1 Flora and fauna
5 Infrastructure
5.1 Economy
5.2 Nuclear power
5.3 Tourism
5.4 Transport
5.5 Science and technology
5.6 Education
6 Demographics
6.1 Religion
7 Culture and society
7.1 Clothing and fashion
7.2 Media and entertainment
7.3 Urbanisation
7.4 Diaspora
7.5 Literature
7.6 Architecture
7.7 Food and drink
7.8 Sports
8 See also
9 Notes
10 References
11 Further reading
12 External links
Etymology
The name Pakistan literally means "Land of the Pure" in Urdu and Persian. It was coined in 1933 as Pakstan by Choudhry Rahmat Ali, a Pakistan Movement activist, who published it in his pamphlet Now or Never,[18] using it as an acronym ("thirty million Muslim brethren who live in PAKSTAN") referring to the names of the five northern regions of the British Raj: Punjab, North-West Frontier Province (Afghania Province), Kashmir, Sindh, and Baluchistan".[19][20][21] The letter i was incorporated to ease pronunciation and form the linguistically correct and meaningful name.[22]
History
Main articles: History of Pakistan and History of South Asia
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